Chakula hujitokeza katika IELTS kwa njia nyingi. Writing Task 2 inaweza kuuliza kama vinywaji vyenye sukari vitozwe kodi, kwa nini watu wanapika nyumbani kidogo kuliko zamani, kama watoto wafundishwe kupika shuleni, au jinsi ya kupunguza chakula kinachotupwa. Katika Speaking Part 3 unaweza kueleza mabadiliko ya tabia za ulaji nchini mwako na kujadili athari za chakula cha haraka kwa kizazi kijacho.
Mtego muhimu ni neno diet. Wanafunzi wengine hulifahamu tu kama mpango wa kupunguza uzito, hivyo huliepuka wanapoandika kuhusu afya. Lakini pia humaanisha chakula ambacho mtu hula kwa kawaida. Mpango maalumu wa kubadili ulaji, mara nyingi kwa kupunguza uzito, unaweza kuelezwa kwa go on a diet. Katika insha kuhusu lishe utahitaji a balanced diet na healthy eating. Nutrition huhusu lishe na athari zake mwilini: good nutrition, poor nutrition.
Hapa kuna michanganyiko 28 yenye mifano ya kiwango kinacholengwa katika Band 7, makosa yanayojirudia na mfano wa ukaguzi wa sentensi katika LetsWords. Mada nyingine ziko kwenye msamiati wa IELTS kwa mada.
Msamiati na michanganyiko kuhusu chakula na lishe
Mlo na tabia za ulaji
| Usemi | Maana | Mfano |
|---|---|---|
| a balanced diet | mlo wenye uwiano unaofaa wa vyakula mbalimbali | Children who grow up on a balanced diet are less likely to struggle with their weight as adults. |
| eating habits | namna mtu anavyokula kwa kawaida | Eating habits formed in childhood often last a lifetime. |
| have a sweet tooth | kupenda vyakula vitamu | Children who have a sweet tooth are an easy target for advertisers. |
| home-cooked meals | milo iliyoandaliwa nyumbani | Families that share home-cooked meals tend to eat more vegetables. |
| skip meals | kukosa kula mlo wa asubuhi, mchana au jioni | Many office workers skip meals and then overeat in the evening. |
| portion sizes | kiasi cha chakula kinachowekwa kwa mlo mmoja | Portion sizes in restaurants have grown noticeably over the past few decades. |
| eat out | kula katika mkahawa au mgahawa | People in big cities eat out several times a week. |
| cut down on sugar | kupunguza matumizi ya sukari | Doctors advise most adults to cut down on sugar rather than give it up entirely. |
Chakula cha haraka na kilichosindikwa
| Usemi | Maana | Mfano |
|---|---|---|
| processed food | chakula kilichobadilishwa viwandani kabla ya kuuzwa | Processed food is cheap, but it often contains hidden salt. |
| junk food | chakula chenye thamani ndogo ya lishe | Advertising junk food to children should be strictly limited. |
| convenience food | chakula ambacho ni rahisi na cha haraka kuandaa | Busy parents increasingly rely on convenience food. |
| ready meals | milo iliyo tayari inayohitaji kupashwa moto tu | Supermarket ready meals are often high in salt. |
| high in sugar / fat / salt | chenye sukari, mafuta au chumvi nyingi | Many breakfast cereals marketed to children are high in sugar. |
| nutritional value | kiasi na umuhimu wa virutubisho vya chakula | Crisps and fizzy drinks have very little nutritional value. |
| additives and preservatives | vitu vinavyoongezwa kubadilisha chakula au kukihifadhi | Bread from a local bakery usually contains no additives or preservatives. |
Chakula na sera za serikali
| Usemi | Maana | Mfano |
|---|---|---|
| promote healthy eating | kuhamasisha ulaji unaofaa kwa afya | Free school lunches are one way to promote healthy eating. |
| obesity rates | kiwango cha watu wenye unene uliopitiliza | Obesity rates have risen sharply in many developed countries. |
| impose a tax on | kuanzisha kodi kwa kitu | Several countries have imposed a tax on sugary drinks. |
| a sugar tax | kodi kwa vinywaji vyenye sukari | Critics argue that a sugar tax hits poorer families hardest. |
| food labelling | taarifa za viambato na lishe kwenye kifungashio | Clear food labelling helps shoppers make informed choices. |
| make informed choices | kufanya uamuzi baada ya kupata taarifa muhimu | Consumers cannot make informed choices if labels are confusing. |
Uzalishaji na matumizi
| Usemi | Maana | Mfano |
|---|---|---|
| food production | kuzalisha na kuandaa chakula | Food production will have to increase as the population grows. |
| food waste | chakula kinachotupwa bila kutumiwa | Supermarkets could reduce food waste by donating unsold food to charities. |
| food security | upatikanaji wa uhakika wa chakula cha kutosha kwa wote | Climate change poses a serious threat to food security. |
| local produce | mazao na vyakula kutoka mashamba ya karibu | Buying local produce supports small farmers. |
| intensive farming | kilimo au ufugaji unaolenga uzalishaji mkubwa kwa eneo au wanyama waliopo | Intensive farming has made meat cheaper, but at a cost to animal welfare. |
| a plant-based diet | mlo unaotegemea zaidi au kabisa vyakula vya mimea | More young people are switching to a plant-based diet. |
| meet the demand for | kutoa kiasi kinachotakiwa na wanunuzi | Farmers are struggling to meet the demand for organic food. |
Makosa yanayojirudia
1. Rich of
A balanced diet should be rich of fibre.
A balanced diet should be rich in fibre.
Kihusishi ni sehemu ya mchanganyiko: rich in. Muundo huo unatumika pia katika rich in vitamins na rich in protein.
2. Many food
People buy too many food and throw half of it away.
People buy too much food and throw half of it away.
Food inapomaanisha chakula kwa ujumla haihesabiki. Kwa hiyo tumia too much food, si many.
3. Bad to your health
Sugary drinks are bad to your health.
Sugary drinks are bad for your health. / Sugary drinks are harmful to your health.
Bad hufuatwa na for: bad for your health, bad for children. Ukichagua harmful, ambayo ina uzito zaidi na hufaa kwa maandishi rasmi, kihusishi hubadilika kuwa to.
4. More vegetable
Children should eat more fresh vegetable.
Children should eat more fresh vegetables.
Vegetable ni nomino inayohesabika. Katika kauli za jumla kama hii, tumia wingi: eat more vegetables, fruit and vegetables.
LetsWords inaelezaje makosa haya?
Maneno yanaweza kuonekana yanafahamika unaposoma jedwali. Makosa ya matumizi hujitokeza unapojaribu kuandika. Huu ni mfano wa kazi katika LetsWords.
Unarudia a balanced diet. Unaona maana, unakumbuka usemi wa Kiingereza, kisha unaandika sentensi kuhusu lishe:
Doctors advise to eat a balanced nutrition.
Maoni ya LetsWords kwa lugha yako ya mama yanaonyesha makosa mawili:
- advise to eat → advise eating: usipotaja anayepewa ushauri, tumia advise doing, hivyo advise eating. Ukimtaja, unaweza kusema advise people to eat;
- a balanced nutrition → a balanced diet: chakula unachokula kwa kawaida ni diet, hivyo eat a balanced diet.
Doctors advise eating a balanced diet.
Baada ya siku kadhaa, usemi unarudi kwenye marudio. Unautumia katika hali nyingine, kwa mfano jibu la Speaking kuhusu chakula cha shule. Hivyo usemi unaanza kuwa jambo unaloweza kukumbuka na kutumia kwa usahihi, badala ya kuutambua kwenye orodha tu.
Anza mazoezi yenye maelezo ya makosa
Unapojiandikisha, chagua IELTS na kiwango chako ili LetsWords iandae mazoezi. Unaweza kujaribu ukaguzi kabla ya kulipa.
Kutumia msamiati huu katika Writing Task 2
Mfano wa swali lenye muundo wa mtihani:
In many countries, people are eating more processed food and cooking less at home. Why is this happening, and what can be done to encourage healthier eating habits?
Aya ya mfano kuhusu suluhisho:
One effective way to promote healthy eating is to make the healthier choice the easier one. Governments could tax sugary drinks and use the revenue to subsidise fresh fruit and vegetables, so that a balanced diet becomes affordable for families on low incomes. Clearer food labelling would also help: when a package states plainly that its contents are high in sugar, shoppers are more likely to think twice before buying it. Finally, schools should teach basic cooking skills. Teenagers who can prepare simple home-cooked meals are less dependent on convenience food, and the eating habits they develop at sixteen are likely to stay with them as adults.
Sentensi ya kwanza inajibu sehemu ya pili ya swali moja kwa moja. Kila suluhisho linafuatwa na maelezo ya namna linavyosaidia: mapato ya kodi yanafadhili kupunguza gharama za chakula, lebo zinawapa wanunuzi taarifa, na masomo ya kupika yanapunguza utegemezi wa milo iliyoandaliwa tayari. Msamiati umechaguliwa kwa usahihi, si kwa kuwa adimu. Kutumia michanganyiko inayofaa kunaonyesha uwezo wa Lexical Resource vizuri zaidi kuliko kuweka maneno machache yanayoonekana magumu. Also na finally zinaongoza msomaji bila kuzidisha viunganishi.
Kutumia maneno haya katika Speaking
Swali la Part 3: How have eating habits in your country changed in recent years?
I’d say the biggest change is that people eat out far more than they used to, and delivery apps have made takeaways incredibly easy to get. When I was a child, most families sat down to home-cooked meals every evening. On the other hand, younger people seem more aware of the nutritional value of what they eat: lots of my friends read labels now and are trying to cut down on sugar. So it’s a mixed picture, really.
Katika jibu la kuzungumza, michanganyiko hiyo hiyo inakaa katika mtindo mwepesi zaidi. I’d say, really na on the other hand zinafaa kwa mazungumzo, huku matumizi sahihi ya msamiati yakionyesha upana wa maneno unayoweza kutumia.
Fanya mazoezi bila malipo
- product: bidhaa zinazotengenezwa kuuzwa, na kwa nini ununuzi wa vyakula huitwa groceries;
- preservative: kitu kinachoongezwa kuzuia chakula kuharibika;
- recipe: maelekezo ya kupika, si maagizo ya dawa;
- cut down on: kupunguza kitu badala ya kukiacha kabisa;
- rich in: chenye protini, vitamini au nyuzinyuzi nyingi;
- eat out: kula katika mkahawa au mgahawa;
- go bad: kueleza chakula kilichoharibika;
- lose weight: kupungua uzito.
Kutoka kwenye orodha hadi matumizi
Jedwali hukusaidia kutambua mchanganyiko wa maneno, lakini katika mtihani unahitaji kuukumbuka haraka na kuutumia kujenga hoja. Endelea na LetsWords: tumia seti ya IELTS ya kiwango chako na uongeze maneno kama a balanced diet na processed food kwenye mkusanyiko. Unakumbuka usemi kutokana na kidokezo, unaandika sentensi, na ukaguzi unaonyesha kosa na kueleza marekebisho kwa lugha yako ya mama. Marudio ya vipindi yanakupa nafasi ya kuutumia tena.
Kisha jaribu msamiati katika maandishi kamili. Sehemu ya IELTS Writing ina maswali ya Task 2 kuhusu tabia za ulaji na maisha yanayofaa kwa afya katika mada ya afya. Jibu kamili linapata ukaguzi wa vigezo vyote vinne, ukihusishwa na sehemu husika ulizoandika. Unapojiandikisha, unajibu maswali kuhusu lengo na kiwango ili mazoezi yaandaliwe; unaweza kujaribu ukaguzi kabla ya kulipa. Mada nyingine ziko kwenye msamiati wa IELTS kwa mada.