雅思 Writing Task 2 的旅游题很少让你描述一次假期，更多时候要求权衡旅游的影响：对当地居民是利大于弊还是弊大于利，著名城市是否应该限制游客数量，是否必须出国旅行才能理解另一种文化。Speaking Part 3 中，考官会问为什么人们比以前更常旅行，以及游客如何改变目的地。只靠 trip 和 beautiful places 回答不了这些问题，你需要能谈论经济、城市压力和居民生活的搭配。
这个话题最明显的陷阱，就在第一个术语里。大众旅游是 mass tourism，不是 massive tourism。Massive 表示“巨大的”；表达“面向大众”时，则用名词 mass 放在另一个名词前：mass tourism、mass media、mass production。有些语言中表示“大众的”的形容词看起来很像 massive，于是 massive tourism 就成了逐字翻译容易留下的痕迹。第二个陷阱是 travel：泛指旅行活动时，它不可数，因此作文里的 a travel 是误用。
下面介绍四个子话题中的 30 个搭配、常见误用，以及 LetsWords 对造句进行反馈的示例。其他考试话题见雅思话题词汇指南。
旅游与旅行：词汇和搭配
人们怎样旅行、为什么旅行
| 表达 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| mass tourism | 大规模的大众旅游 | Mass tourism has turned many quiet fishing villages into crowded resorts. |
| package holiday | 交通与住宿打包销售的度假产品 | Package holidays made foreign travel affordable for ordinary families. |
| budget airlines | 提供低价航班的航空公司 | The rise of budget airlines means that a weekend abroad can cost less than a train ticket. |
| a popular tourist destination | 很多游客前往的热门旅游目的地 | Thailand has become a popular tourist destination for Europeans in winter. |
| travel abroad | 出国旅行 | Young people today travel abroad far more often than their parents did. |
| broaden your horizons | 拓宽经历与认识，开阔眼界 | Living in another country can broaden your horizons more than any textbook. |
| experience a different culture | 亲身接触并了解另一种文化 | Many students take a gap year to experience a different culture. |
| off the beaten track | 远离常见旅游路线的 | Travellers who go off the beaten track tend to meet more local people. |
作为收入来源的旅游业
| 表达 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| the tourism industry | 为游客提供服务的各类行业 | The tourism industry employs a large share of the workforce in many coastal regions. |
| boost the local economy | 推动当地经济增长 | A new ski resort could boost the local economy in a region with few other jobs. |
| generate revenue | 带来收入 | Museums and historic sites generate considerable revenue from ticket sales. |
| be heavily dependent on tourism | 高度依赖旅游业 | Islands that are heavily dependent on tourism suffered most during the pandemic. |
| seasonal work | 只在一年中特定时期提供的季节性工作 | Seasonal work leaves many hotel staff without income for half the year. |
| foreign visitors | 来自其他国家的游客 | The city attracts millions of foreign visitors every summer. |
| a major tourist attraction | 吸引大量游客的著名景点 | The old fortress is a major tourist attraction that draws thousands of visitors a year. |
弊端：旅游给目的地带来的压力
| 表达 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| a tourist hotspot | 吸引大批游客的热门地点 | A quiet beach that goes viral on social media can become a tourist hotspot within months. |
| put a strain on local infrastructure | 使当地道路、交通与公共服务承受重压 | Cruise ships put a strain on local infrastructure, from roads to waste collection. |
| suffer from overcrowding | 因人群过度拥挤而受到影响 | In August, the old town suffers from severe overcrowding. |
| local residents | 居住在当地的人 | Local residents complain that they can no longer walk through their own streets. |
| drive up rents | 推高租金 | Short-term holiday lets drive up rents in city centres. |
| lose its character | 失去一个地方原有的特色 | When every shop sells souvenirs, a historic quarter loses its character. |
| damage fragile ecosystems | 破坏容易受损的自然生态系统 | Unregulated diving can damage fragile ecosystems such as coral reefs. |
| respect local customs | 尊重所到之处的当地习俗 | Visitors are expected to respect local customs, especially at religious sites. |
管理游客数量
| 表达 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| sustainable tourism | 长期不损害目的地的可持续旅游 | Sustainable tourism aims to benefit local communities without destroying what attracts visitors. |
| impose a tourist tax | 开征由游客支付的旅游税 | Several European cities have imposed a tourist tax on overnight stays. |
| limit visitor numbers | 限制可接待的游客数量 | Some national parks limit visitor numbers by selling a fixed number of permits. |
| in the off-season | 在旅游淡季 | Travelling in the off-season is cheaper and puts less pressure on popular sites. |
| protect historic sites | 保护历史建筑与遗址 | Part of the ticket price is used to protect historic sites from erosion. |
| promote lesser-known destinations | 推广较少游客前往的目的地 | Tourist boards can promote lesser-known destinations to spread visitors more evenly. |
| strike a balance between | 在两者之间取得适当平衡 | Governments need to strike a balance between tourist income and residents’ quality of life. |
常见错误
Massive tourism has changed the coast of Turkey.
正确：Mass tourism has changed the coast of Turkey. 表示“面向大众”时，名词前用 mass。Massive 描述体量，例如 a massive hotel、a massive increase in visitors。
Last year I went on an unforgettable travel to Japan.
正确：Last year I went on an unforgettable trip to Japan. 名词 travel 泛指旅行活动时不可数，例如 Travel broadens the mind. 一次具体的出游是 a trip，从一个地方到另一个地方的旅程则是 a journey。具体区别见 travel, trip or journey 练习。
Nowadays more people can afford to go to abroad.
正确：Nowadays more people can afford to go abroad. Abroad 是副词，类似 go home 中的 home。Go abroad、travel abroad 和 study abroad 中不需要 to 或 in。可以在 go abroad 页面练习。
Tourism brings huge economical benefits to small towns.
正确：Tourism brings huge economic benefits to small towns. Economic 表示与经济有关；economical 表示节省开支，例如 an economical car。旅游话题作文中，通常需要 economic。详细区别见 economic vs economical 练习。
LetsWords 如何解释这些错误
看表格时，每个词都很熟悉。真正动笔时，错误才会出现。下面是 LetsWords 中一道练习的过程。
假设你正在复习 put a strain on local infrastructure。LetsWords 用母语提示给出含义，你回想英文表达，再写一句关于旅游的话：
Cruise ships make a big strain on local infrastructure, and the local peoples suffer from it.
LetsWords 的反馈指出两个错误：
- make a big strain → put a heavy strain：与 strain 搭配的动词是 put；LetsWords 还会建议用 heavy 或 considerable 代替 big，让作文中的表达更自然；
- the local peoples → local residents：peoples 表示不同民族；说一座城市的居民，用 local residents 或 local people。
Cruise ships put a heavy strain on local infrastructure, and local residents suffer from it.
几天后，这个表达会再次出现在复习中，你需要换一个情境使用它，例如写一篇讨论是否应该限制游客数量的作文。这样，词表中的搭配才会逐渐变成能凭记忆想起、并准确使用的表达。
注册时选择 IELTS 目标和水平，LetsWords 就会为你安排相应练习。付费前可以先体验反馈。
在 Writing Task 2 中使用这些搭配
一道符合考试形式的练习题：
In some popular cities, the number of tourists has grown so much that local residents are suffering. Some people believe governments should limit the number of tourists who can visit such places. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
下面这个示例段落支持限制游客数量，同时承认另一方的理由：
Admittedly, limiting visitor numbers could harm places that are heavily dependent on tourism, where every hotel booking helps to boost the local economy. However, when a historic centre becomes a tourist hotspot, the costs often outweigh the gains. Crowds put a strain on local infrastructure, from public transport to waste collection, while short-term holiday lets drive up rents for local residents. Venice is a well-known example: many families have left the old city for the mainland because they can no longer afford to live there. A cap on daily visitors would not end tourism; it would allow cities to strike a balance between income and the quality of life of the people who live there.
这个段落为什么有效？ 开头先作让步：没有忽视反方论点，而是承认它，再用 However 转入作者清楚的立场。每个后果都通过准确的搭配说明，不是泛泛地写 tourists make problems，而是指出交通、垃圾收集和租金的具体压力。威尼斯的例子把一般论断变成了可核查的事实，最后一句又回到题目。搭配有变化，没有反复使用同一表达，也没有哪个词只是为了显得“高级”。这正是 Lexical Resource 的基础。
在 Speaking 中使用
一道 Part 3 问题：
Do you think international travel helps people understand other cultures?
示例回答：
I think it can, but it depends on how people travel. If you go on a package holiday and stay in a resort, you barely meet local residents, so you don’t really experience a different culture. But when people go off the beaten track, use local transport and try to speak a few words of the language, it definitely broadens their horizons. So it’s more about the traveller than the destination.
在口语回答中，周围使用简单语言，反而能让这些搭配更自然，例如 I think it can、so、definitely。需要有深度的是话题词汇，不必每句话都写得复杂。
免费练习
- travel, trip or journey：一次出游与泛指旅行分别用哪个词；
- go abroad：为什么没有 to；
- off the beaten track：适合在 Speaking 中谈旅行的习语；
- economic vs economical：与经济有关，还是节省开支；
- have an impact：描述旅游影响时使用哪个介词；
- make the most of：充分利用一次旅行或机会；
- on the other hand：引出作文中另一面观点的连接表达。
从词表走向实际运用
表格可以帮助你认出 mass tourism，但考试时你需要迅速独立想起这个搭配，而不是习惯性地写成 massive。可以通过 LetsWords 把词表变成实际练习：选择适合水平的 IELTS 词集，再把本页的搭配加入词集，例如 drive up rents 或 strike a balance between。你根据含义回想表达，用它写一个句子；LetsWords 指出错误，用母语解释修改方法，并建议更准确的说法，间隔重复则安排表达再次出现，让用法逐渐熟练。旅游词汇同样能用于 Writing：IELTS Writing 专区的城市与交通话题提供大城市交通类 Task 2 题目，家庭与文化话题则有保护传统和文化节日的题目；每篇完整回答都会得到围绕四项评分标准的详细反馈。注册时回答几个关于目标和水平的问题，LetsWords 就会安排练习；付费前可以体验反馈。更多话题见雅思话题词汇指南。