Familia ni mada ya kawaida katika IELTS, lakini kuifahamu mada hakumaanishi kwamba msamiati wake ni rahisi kutumia. Katika Writing Task 2 unaweza kuulizwa nani ana ushawishi mkubwa kwa mtoto, wazazi au shule; kama kuishi kwa wazee katika makazi ya uangalizi badala ya pamoja na watoto wao ni jambo zuri; au kwa nini watu katika nchi zilizoendelea wanapata watoto wachache. Speaking Part 3 inaweza kuuliza familia zimebadilikaje na kama baba washiriki katika malezi kwa kiwango sawa na mama. Mother na children pekee havitoshi: unahitaji maneno ya aina za familia, malezi, vizazi na kusawazisha kazi na nyumbani.
Mtego mmoja ni kitenzi cha malezi. Katika lugha nyingi, kufundisha na kulea vinaweza kuingiliana, hivyo educate hutumiwa hata pale ambapo maana pana ya kulea watoto inahitajika. Katika hali hiyo, bring up au raise children ni ya moja kwa moja zaidi. Ukieleza kuwafundisha tabia fulani, tumia teach children to…. Mtego mwingine ni elder: kundi la watu wenye umri mkubwa ni older people au elderly people, si elder people katika matumizi haya.
Hapa kuna michanganyiko 30 katika mada ndogo nne, makosa yanayojirudia na mfano wa ukaguzi wa sentensi katika LetsWords. Mada nyingine ziko kwenye msamiati wa IELTS kwa mada.
Msamiati na michanganyiko kuhusu familia na watoto
Aina za familia na mabadiliko yake
| Usemi | Maana | Mfano |
|---|---|---|
| the nuclear family | familia ya wazazi na watoto wao | The nuclear family has replaced larger households in most cities. |
| the extended family | familia inayojumuisha babu, bibi na ndugu wengine | In many cultures, the extended family still lives under one roof. |
| single-parent families | familia zenye mzazi mmoja | Single-parent families often need more support with childcare. |
| start a family | kupata mtoto wa kwanza | Many couples postpone starting a family until they own a home. |
| a falling birth rate | kupungua kwa kiwango cha kuzaliwa kwa watoto | A falling birth rate means fewer workers will support more pensioners. |
| get married later in life | kuoa au kuolewa katika umri mkubwa zaidi | Today many people get married later in life than their parents did. |
| a close-knit family | familia yenye ukaribu mkubwa kati ya washiriki | I grew up in a close-knit family where everyone ate dinner together. |
| strong family ties | uhusiano wa karibu kati ya ndugu | Strong family ties can protect young people from loneliness. |
Kulea watoto
| Usemi | Maana | Mfano |
|---|---|---|
| bring up children | kulea watoto | Bringing up children in a big city is expensive and tiring. |
| raise children | kuwatunza na kuwaongoza watoto hadi wakue | It is harder to raise children without help from grandparents. |
| set a good example | kutenda kwa namna ambayo wengine wanaweza kuiga | Parents who read every evening set a good example for their children. |
| set boundaries | kuweka wazi kinachoruhusiwa na kisichoruhusiwa | Children feel safer when parents set clear boundaries. |
| instil values in | kuwafundisha watu misingi ya maadili hatua kwa hatua | Families instil values such as honesty and respect in children long before school does. |
| spend quality time with | kutumia muda pamoja huku ukimpa mwenzako usikivu kamili | Even busy parents can spend quality time with their children at weekends. |
| a stable home environment | maisha ya nyumbani yenye utulivu na usalama | A stable home environment is linked to better results at school. |
| strict parents | wazazi wanaosimamia sheria kwa uthabiti | Strict parents may raise disciplined children, but not always confident ones. |
Vizazi na kuwatunza ndugu wenye umri mkubwa
| Usemi | Maana | Mfano |
|---|---|---|
| the older generation | watu wa kizazi cha umri mkubwa | The older generation often find online banking difficult. |
| the generation gap | tofauti za mawazo na maisha kati ya vizazi | Technology has widened the generation gap in many families. |
| elderly parents | wazazi wenye umri mkubwa | More people in their fifties are caring for elderly parents. |
| care for | kumtunza mtu anayehitaji msaada | Many adult children care for ageing relatives at home. |
| care homes | makazi yanayotoa uangalizi kwa watu wenye umri mkubwa | Care homes provide medical help that families cannot always offer. |
| look after grandchildren | kuwatunza watoto wa watoto wako | Retired grandparents often look after grandchildren while parents work. |
| pass down traditions | kurithisha mila kwa kizazi kinachofuata | Grandparents pass down traditions such as family recipes and songs. |
Kazi na familia
| Usemi | Maana | Mfano |
|---|---|---|
| working parents | wazazi wenye ajira au kazi ya kipato | Schools should take the needs of working parents into account. |
| dual-income families | familia zenye mapato kutoka kwa wazazi wote wawili | Dual-income families can afford more, but they have less free time. |
| juggle work and family | kusimamia kazi na maisha ya familia kwa wakati mmoja | Many mothers juggle work and family without enough support. |
| affordable childcare | malezi ya watoto kwa gharama ambayo watu wanaweza kumudu | The lack of affordable childcare keeps many women out of work. |
| parental leave | likizo ya kazi kwa ajili ya kumtunza mtoto mchanga | Longer parental leave allows fathers to bond with their babies. |
| share the housework | kugawana kazi za nyumbani | Young couples today are more likely to share the housework equally. |
| a stay-at-home parent | mzazi anayebaki nyumbani kuwalea watoto badala ya kazi ya kulipwa | More fathers now choose to become stay-at-home parents. |
Makosa yanayojirudia
Parents should teach their children respect other people.
Sahihi: Parents should teach their children to respect other people. Ukitaja kitendo mtu anachofundishwa, tumia teach someone to do something: teach children to respect others. Kulea watoto kwa ujumla ni bring up au raise. Soma zaidi katika zoezi la bring up.
Elder people should live with their children, not in care homes.
Sahihi: Elderly people au Older people should live with their children. Elder hutumiwa hasa kuonyesha tofauti ya umri ndani ya familia, kama my elder brother. Kwa kundi la watu wenye umri mkubwa, tumia elderly people, older people au the elderly. Tofauti iko katika older vs elder.
My sister got married with a man from Canada.
Sahihi: My sister got married to a man from Canada au married a man from Canada. Get married hufuatwa na to, lakini kitenzi marry humtaja mtu moja kwa moja bila kihusishi. Jizoeze tofauti hii katika get married na married to.
In modern society family become smaller.
Sahihi: In modern society, families are becoming smaller. Family inahesabika, hivyo familia kwa ujumla zinahitaji wingi. Are becoming inaonyesha mabadiliko yanayoendelea. Ukizungumzia familia kama taasisi ya kijamii, unaweza pia kutumia the family is becoming smaller.
LetsWords inaelezaje makosa haya?
Maneno yanaweza kuonekana yanafahamika unaposoma jedwali. Unapoandika ndipo makosa ya muundo yanajitokeza. Huu ni mfano wa kazi katika LetsWords.
Unarudia set a good example. Unaona maana, unakumbuka usemi wa Kiingereza, kisha unaandika kuhusu malezi:
Parents should give a good example to their children and spend with them more time.
Maoni ya LetsWords kwa lugha yako ya mama yanaonyesha mambo mawili ya kurekebisha:
- give a good example → set a good example: kutenda ili wengine waige huelezwa vizuri kwa set an example. Give an example mara nyingi ni kutaja mfano unaoeleza hoja. Wanaotarajiwa kuiga wanaweza kuletwa kwa for;
- spend with them more time → spend more time with them: kwanza kinatajwa kinachotumiwa, more time, halafu watu wanaoshirikishwa.
Parents should set a good example for their children and spend more time with them.
Baada ya siku kadhaa, usemi unarudi katika marudio na unautumia katika hali nyingine, kwa mfano jibu la Speaking kuhusu mabadiliko ya familia. Hivyo unajizoeza kuutoa kwenye kumbukumbu na kuutumia bila kurudia kosa lilelile.
Anza mazoezi yenye maelezo ya makosa
Unapojiandikisha, chagua IELTS na kiwango chako ili LetsWords iandae mazoezi. Unaweza kujaribu ukaguzi kabla ya kulipa.
Kutumia msamiati huu katika Writing Task 2
Zoezi lenye muundo wa mtihani:
In many countries, both parents now work full-time, and young children spend most of the day in childcare. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
Aya ya mfano yenye msimamo wazi:
Admittedly, dual-income families are usually more financially secure, and children in good childcare learn to share and follow routines before they start school. However, when both parents juggle work and family, the time left for their children is often limited to a rushed breakfast and bedtime. Young children need adults who set a good example and set clear boundaries, and this is difficult to do in twenty minutes a day. In my view, the disadvantages therefore outweigh the advantages. Yet the solution is not for one parent to give up work but for employers to offer longer parental leave and flexible hours, so that parents can spend quality time with their children without sacrificing their careers.
Kwa nini aya hii inafanya kazi. Kwanza inakubali manufaa kwa haki, kisha inaonyesha gharama yake kwa However. Hitimisho linajibu swali moja kwa moja: hasara zina uzito zaidi kuliko faida. Badala ya kusema tu parents don’t have time, inatoa picha mahususi ya kifungua kinywa cha haraka na dakika ishirini kabla ya kulala. Michanganyiko ya mada iko inapohitajika, na suluhisho linaepuka kudai kwamba lazima mzazi mmoja aache kazi. Hivyo msimamo unaonyesha nafasi ya hatua zinazopunguza tatizo.
Kutumia maneno haya katika Speaking
Swali la Part 3:
How have families in your country changed in recent decades?
Jibu la mfano:
I’d say the biggest change is that families have become much smaller. My grandparents grew up in an extended family with lots of cousins around, whereas most of my friends have only one sibling. People also tend to get married later in life and start a family in their thirties, mainly because housing is expensive. On the positive side, fathers are much more involved in bringing up children than they used to be.
Jibu lina hitimisho la jumla, ulinganisho wa zamani na sasa, sababu na tathmini. Msamiati wa mada umejengwa ndani ya mazungumzo bila kutumia miundo mizito ya vitabuni.
Fanya mazoezi bila malipo
- bring up: kulea watoto na maana nyingine inayoweza kuchanganywa nayo;
- look after: kuwatunza watoto au watu wenye umri mkubwa;
- older vs elder: wakati wa kuchagua elder au older;
- get married: kihusishi kinachohitajika;
- kid vs child: neno linalofaa katika insha;
- family: watu wa uhusiano wa kifamilia;
- spend time: kutumia muda pamoja na familia;
- look up to: kumheshimu mtu na kutaka kuiga mfano wake.
Kutoka kwenye orodha hadi matumizi
Kujua kwamba kulea watoto ni bring up au raise hakutoshi. Katika mtihani, unahitaji kukumbuka neno katika wakati unaohitajika. Endelea na LetsWords: fanya mazoezi ya IELTS ya kiwango chako na uongeze michanganyiko kama juggle work and family au instil values in kwenye mkusanyiko. Unakumbuka usemi kutokana na maana na kuutumia katika sentensi. LetsWords inaonyesha kosa na kulieleza. Marudio ya vipindi yanakupa nafasi ya kuutumia tena.
Baadaye tumia msamiati katika maandishi kamili. Sehemu ya IELTS Writing ina maswali ya Task 2 kuhusu familia na utamaduni, kama sherehe za familia na kurithisha mila kwa vijana. Kila jibu kamili linapata ukaguzi wa vigezo vyote vinne. Unapojiandikisha, unajibu maswali kuhusu lengo na kiwango ili mazoezi yaandaliwe; unaweza kujaribu ukaguzi kabla ya kulipa. Mada nyingine ziko kwenye msamiati wa IELTS kwa mada.