雅思经济与金钱词汇：28个搭配及纠错示例

IELTS 会从不同角度讨论经济与金钱。Writing Task 2 可能问政府应多投入教育还是道路、提高富人税负是否公平、贫富差距为什么扩大，以及购买超出需要的物品是否有益。Speaking Part 3 常讨论年轻人是否会管理金钱，以及本国生活成本怎样变化。

这个话题里，一个动词就可能改变意思。描述经济规模扩大时，容易写成 the economy grew up，但 grow up 通常表示长大成人，不是数字增长。经济增长用 grows，多一个 up 就把国家写得像正在成长的孩子。类似陷阱还有 prices are expensive、spend money for 和 an economical crisis。

下面整理28个搭配、面向7分目标的例句、常见错误，以及 LetsWords 的造句反馈。职业、工作与工资另见工作词汇，其他主题见 IELTS 话题词汇。

经济与金钱词汇

增长与衰退

表达	含义	例句
economic growth	经济产出增长	Economic growth does not automatically benefit everyone.
boost the economy	提振经济	Lower interest rates are often used to boost the economy.
a thriving economy	繁荣的经济	A thriving economy attracts skilled workers from abroad.
an economic downturn	经济走弱的时期	Small businesses are the first to suffer in an economic downturn.
go into recession	进入经济衰退	When a country goes into recession, consumers stop spending.
raise living standards	提高生活水平	Trade has raised living standards in many developing countries.
in the long run	从长期来看	Investment in education pays off in the long run.

价格与生活成本

表达	含义	例句
the cost of living	满足基本生活需要的费用	The cost of living in capital cities has risen faster than incomes.
rising prices	不断上涨的价格	Rising prices hit pensioners hardest.
high inflation	较高的通货膨胀	High inflation quickly wipes out people’s savings.
can’t afford to	负担不起做某事的费用	Many young couples can’t afford to buy a home.
disposable income	税后可用于消费或储蓄的收入	Tax cuts leave households with more disposable income.
make ends meet	勉强维持收支平衡	Even families with two incomes sometimes struggle to make ends meet.
purchasing power	购买力	Inflation reduces the purchasing power of ordinary wages.

税收与公共开支

表达	含义	例句
raise / cut taxes	增税／减税	Cutting taxes is popular, but it leaves less money for schools.
tax revenue	税收收入	Tax revenue from tobacco could be spent on healthcare.
public spending	政府公共开支	Public spending on infrastructure creates jobs in the short term.
taxpayers’ money	来自纳税人的公共资金	Taxpayers’ money should not be wasted on prestige projects.
allocate funds to	为某个用途拨款	The government should allocate more funds to public libraries.
a budget deficit	支出超过收入的预算赤字	Borrowing heavily can lead to a growing budget deficit.

不平等与个人财务

表达	含义	例句
the gap between rich and poor	贫富差距	The gap between rich and poor has widened in many countries.
income inequality	收入不平等	Income inequality can weaken trust in public institutions.
live in poverty	生活贫困	Millions of children still live in poverty.
lift people out of poverty	帮助人们脱贫	Economic growth has lifted millions of people out of poverty.
consumer spending	消费者购买商品与服务的支出	Consumer spending usually rises before the holidays.
save for the future	为未来储蓄	Few young people save for the future when rents are so high.
get into debt	开始负债	Easy credit makes it all too easy to get into debt.
financial security	有足够经济保障带来的安全感	Owning a home gives many families a sense of financial security.

常见错误

1. The economy grew up

The economy of my country grew up by 3% last year.

My country’s economy grew by 3% last year.

Grow up 可以表示长大成人，也可表示某事逐渐出现并发展，如 a town grew up around the port。但它不描述数值增加：经济用 grows，价格和收入可以用 rise 或 grow。变化幅度用 by 引出。

2. Prices are expensive

Prices for housing are very expensive in my city.

Housing is very expensive in my city. / House prices are very high in my city.

Expensive 描述东西或地方贵，价格本身则用 high 或 low。Price 与 cost 的区别见 price 与 cost。

3. Spend money for

The government should spend more money for public transport.

The government should spend more money on public transport.

Pay for、money for 容易让人误带入 for，但 spend 有对应结构：把钱或时间用于某事用 on，即 spend money on、spend time on。可通过 spend money练习巩固。

4. Economic 还是 economical

Many countries are facing an economical crisis.

Many countries are facing an economic crisis.

Economic 表示与经济有关，economical 表示节省费用或资源，如 an economical car。An economical crisis 会变成一场“很省钱”的危机。详见 economic 与 economical。

LetsWords 怎样解释这些错误

表格里的词都可能认识，实际使用才会显现问题。一次练习可以这样进行。

复习 the cost of living 时，先看意思，回忆英语表达，再写本国情况：

Last year the cost of life grew up, and many families can’t make ends meet.

反馈指出两处错误：

the cost of life → the cost of living：固定表达使用 living；
grew up → rose：grow up 通常指人的成长，成本和价格上涨则用 rise 或 go up。

Last year the cost of living rose, and many families now can’t make ends meet.

几天后换情境再练，例如回答年轻人与金钱的口语问题。这样，词表上的搭配逐渐变成能从记忆中提取、准确写出的表达。

开始带错误反馈的练习

注册时选择 IELTS 和水平，LetsWords 会安排练习。付费前可以体验反馈。

用于 Writing Task 2

考试风格的题目：

In many countries, the gap between the rich and the poor is growing. What problems does this cause, and what measures could governments take to reduce it?

关于措施的示例段落：

Governments have several tools to narrow the gap between rich and poor. The most direct is the tax system: higher earners could pay a larger share of their income, and the additional tax revenue could fund free childcare and adult education. Such public spending does more than redistribute money; it allows parents on low incomes to work longer hours and gain qualifications that raise their living standards in the long term. Equally important is controlling the cost of living. When rent and energy bills rise faster than wages, even working families struggle to make ends meet, so policies that keep housing affordable may reduce inequality as effectively as direct payments.

首句说明段落主题，接着提出两项措施，并解释机制：税收筹资，资金转化为服务，服务帮助人们增加收入。Equally important 把第二项措施接上来，让读者跟得上论证。六个准确搭配放在合适位置，比零散堆入 fiscal consolidation 等术语更有说服力。

用于 Speaking

Part 3 问题：Do you think young people today are good at managing money?

Not always, to be honest. Online shopping makes consumer spending almost effortless, and with “buy now, pay later” services it’s very easy to get into debt without noticing. At the same time, I know quite a few people my age who track every expense, because they simply can’t afford to waste money with the current cost of living. So I’d say it depends more on circumstances than on age.

答案先解释为什么容易过度消费，再用 at the same time 引入反例，展示两面。最后一句直接回答题目。

免费练习

economic 与 economical：经济相关与节省费用；
price 与 cost：卖方要价与实际支出；
spend money：花钱购买；
save money：少花钱与存钱；
make ends meet：勉强维持收支；
pay off：取得回报或还清债务；
rise 与 raise：自行上升与使某物上升；
go up：价格和税收上涨。

从词表到实际使用

词表帮助认出 disposable income，作文中还要主动回忆并选对结构。LetsWords提供对应水平的 IELTS 词集，也可加入本页搭配，如 economic growth、income inequality。根据提示回忆、造句，LetsWords 指出错误、用母语解释修改方法并建议更准确的说法，再通过间隔复习巩固。

之后在完整文本中检验：IELTS Writing的 Government and spending 话题包含公共资金与税收用途等 Task 2，完整答案会得到对应实际文本的四项标准反馈。注册时回答目标和水平问题，系统会安排练习；付费前可以体验反馈。其他主题见 IELTS 话题词汇。